Long-term monitoring of atmospheric deposition in central Arizona-Phoenix, ongoing since 1999
Author(s):
- Nancy Grimm, Arizona State University
- Stevan Earl, Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability, CAPLTER
- James Anderson, Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering, Arizona State University
- H Fernando, Arizona State University
- Susanne Grossman-Clarke, ASU Global Institute of Sustainability
- William Stefanov, Arizona State University
- Diane Hope, Arizona State University
- Joseph Zehnder, Arizona State University
- Peter Hyde
Abstract:
The aims of this study are to examine the magnitude and spatial variability in the concentration and flux of wet deposited NO3-N, NH4-N, DOC, PO4-P, Cl, SO4, H+, Ca, Mg, Na, K across the Central Arizona-Phoenix region, including the developed urban core and outlying desert. Also to examine patterns of coarse dry particulate deposition across the study area and provide some minimum estimates on levels of dry deposition of these ions. Particularly, this study was designed to answer the question: 'To what extent are concentrations and fluxes of these ions enhanced at sites within the urban core relative to undeveloped desert sites upwind and downwind of the city'.
At the outset, the project included eight wet-dry collectors located to form a transect running approximately W-E across the study area from outlying desert to the west, upwind of the prevailing synoptic wind direction, through agriculture to urban core sites, to two downwind sites in the desert to the east and northeast. Collectors were co-located at sites of Maricopa County or Arizona Department of Environmental Quality monitoring stations wherever possible. Monitoring at most sampling locations ran from 1999 through the mid-2000s when sampling was discontinued at several sites. Sampling continued at the Lost Dutchman State Park, also a Desert Fertilization experiment site with a focus on atmospheric deposition, through 2016. Sampling continues at a site on the Arizona State University Tempe campus that was added to the program in 2009.
Keywords:
Temporal Coverage:
1999-05-20 to 2016-08-16Geographic Coverage:
Geographic Description: Phoenix metropolitan area in Arizona, USABounding Coordinates:
Longitude:-112.839492 to -111.470845
Latitude:33.726193 to 31.948995
Contact:
Information Manager, Arizona State University,Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability,POB 875402,TEMPE
caplter.data@asu.edu
Methods used in producing this dataset: Show
Data Files (7) :
Tabular: 23_adpSites_9ae243b0de31915a635ae775c7503012.csv
Description: description, general location, and other details regarding wet-dry bucket deposition monitoring locations
Column | Description | Type | Units |
---|---|---|---|
site_name | name of site |
string | |
lat | latitude of site in decimal degrees |
float | degree |
long | longitude of site in decimal degrees |
float | degree |
date | date established |
date | Format: YYYY-MM-DD |
otherAirMonit | other air monitoring equipment on site |
string | |
location | location description |
string | |
groundCover | description of ground cover |
string | |
heightAboveGround | height above ground of bucket collector |
string | |
vegetation | description of vegetation |
string | |
obstructions | descriptions of any obstructions |
string | |
road | road type and conditions |
string | |
notes | additional observations |
string |
Tabular: 23_samplesResults_130d6abed138f073fa48df1f3d991667.csv
Description: sample collection date, site, notes and other details, and corresponding results of chemical analyses of storm water collected in wet buckets, and dry-bucket rinsate
Column | Description | Type | Units |
---|---|---|---|
site_id | three-letter identifier of sampling location |
string |
Enumeration:
|
coll_date | sample collection date |
date | Format: YYYY-MM-DD |
coll_time | sample collection time |
date | Format: hh:mm:ss |
comments | observations regarding sample collection or processing |
string | |
gross_wt | gross weight of bucket and sample |
float | kilogram |
net_samp_wt | net sample weight |
float | gram |
type | type of collection |
string |
Enumeration:
|
precipitation | amount of precipitation at the time of collection |
float | millimeter |
bucket_wt | bucket weight |
float | kilogram |
lid_wt | bucket lid weight |
float | kilogram |
rinse_vol | volume of rinsing fluid used |
float | kilogram |
fecal | contamination by bird droppings |
string |
Enumeration:
|
insects | contamination by dead insects |
string |
Enumeration:
|
disturbance | signs of disturbance |
string |
Enumeration:
|
lid_particles | contamination by the lid |
string |
Enumeration:
|
analysis | chemical analysis |
string |
Enumeration:
|
date_analyzed | analysis date |
date | Format: YYYY-MM-DD |
final_value | analysis result |
float | milligramsPerLiter |
data_qualifier | analysis qualifier |
string |
Enumeration:
|
Spatial Vector: 23_ADPsamplingLocations
Description: Geospatial file with site information
Horizontal Coordinate System:WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_12N
Geometry Type: Point
Column | Description | Type | Units |
---|---|---|---|
FID | Internal feature number. |
OID | |
Shape | Feature geometry. |
Geometry | |
CORR_TYPE | GPS correction type |
string | |
RCVR_TYPE | GPS receiver type |
string | |
GPS_DATE | GPS_DATE |
Date | Format: MM/DD/YYYY |
GPS_TIME | GPS_TIME |
string | Format: HH:MM:SS AP |
HORZ_PREC | GPS Horizontal Precisions |
double | meter |
VERT_PREC | GPS vertical precision |
double | meter |
SITE_ID | SITE_ID |
string |
Raster: Atmospheric Deposition NO Dry Deposition Fluxes in 1998
Description: The role of urban vegetation on NOx-derived dry deposition fluxes was investigated for the arid Phoenix (Arizona, USA) metropolitan area using the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) (9-13 June 1998). A new land cover classification and updated land cover data were introduced in the model to account for spatial extent and heterogeneity of urban land cover. Adjustments were made in the deposition velocity calculations to consider the adaptation of local plants to the environmental conditions of Central Arizona. According to the simulations 25 % of the NOx derived dry deposition fluxes in the urban area were deposited on vegetation. When urban vegetation was excluded from the simulations NO2 deposition was reduced by 57 % because of the significantly lower deposition velocities of impervious compared to vegetated surfaces; nitric acid deposition was relatively unchanged. Using a diagnostic model with input data from urban air quality monitoring sites, hourly NO and NO2 dry N deposition fluxes were simulated for the entire year 1998 to ~6 kg ha-1 yr-1. Dry deposition declined during the summer months, due to lower pollutant concentrations and temperature-induced closure of the plant stomata during afternoon hours.
Temporal Coverage: 1998-10-06
Horizontal Coordinate System:WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_12N
Rows:43
Columns:62
Column | Description | Type | Units |
---|---|---|---|
Value | Total NO (kgN / ha / year) |
Integer | kilogramsPerHectarePerYear |
Raster: Atmospheric Deposition NO2 Dry Deposition Fluxes in 1998
Description: The role of urban vegetation on NOx-derived dry deposition fluxes was investigated for the arid Phoenix (Arizona, USA) metropolitan area using the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) (9-13 June 1998). A new land cover classification and updated land cover data were introduced in the model to account for spatial extent and heterogeneity of urban land cover. Adjustments were made in the deposition velocity calculations to consider the adaptation of local plants to the environmental conditions of Central Arizona. According to the simulations 25 % of the NOx derived dry deposition fluxes in the urban area were deposited on vegetation. When urban vegetation was excluded from the simulations NO2 deposition was reduced by 57 % because of the significantly lower deposition velocities of impervious compared to vegetated surfaces; nitric acid deposition was relatively unchanged. Using a diagnostic model with input data from urban air quality monitoring sites, hourly NO and NO2 dry N deposition fluxes were simulated for the entire year 1998 to ~6 kg ha-1 yr-1. Dry deposition declined during the summer months, due to lower pollutant concentrations and temperature-induced closure of the plant stomata during afternoon hours.
Horizontal Coordinate System:WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_12N
Rows:43
Columns:62
Column | Description | Type | Units |
---|---|---|---|
Value | Total NO2 (kgN / ha / year) |
Integer | kilogramsPerHectarePerYear |
Raster: Atmospheric Deposition HNO3 Dry Deposition Fluxes in 1998
Description: The role of urban vegetation on NOx-derived dry deposition fluxes was investigated for the arid Phoenix (Arizona, USA) metropolitan area using the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) (9-13 June 1998). A new land cover classification and updated land cover data were introduced in the model to account for spatial extent and heterogeneity of urban land cover. Adjustments were made in the deposition velocity calculations to consider the adaptation of local plants to the environmental conditions of Central Arizona. According to the simulations 25 percent of the NOx derived dry deposition fluxes in the urban area were deposited on vegetation. When urban vegetation was excluded from the simulations NO2 deposition was reduced by 57 percent because of the significantly lower deposition velocities of impervious compared to vegetated surfaces; nitric acid deposition was relatively unchanged. Using a diagnostic model with input data from urban air quality monitoring sites, hourly NO and NO2 dry N deposition fluxes were simulated for the entire year 1998 to ~6 kg ha-1 yr-1. Dry deposition declined during the summer months, due to lower pollutant concentrations and temperature-induced closure of the plant stomata during afternoon hours.
Temporal Coverage: 1998-10-06
Horizontal Coordinate System:WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_12N
Rows:43
Columns:62
Column | Description | Type | Units |
---|---|---|---|
Value | Total NHO3 (kgN / ha / year) |
Integer | kilogramsPerHectarePerYear |
Raster: Atmospheric Deposition Total Nitrogen from Dry Deposition in 1998
Description: The role of urban vegetation on NOx-derived dry deposition fluxes was investigated for the arid Phoenix (Arizona, USA) metropolitan area using the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) (9-13 June 1998). A new land cover classification and updated land cover data were introduced in the model to account for spatial extent and heterogeneity of urban land cover. Adjustments were made in the deposition velocity calculations to consider the adaptation of local plants to the environmental conditions of Central Arizona. According to the simulations 25 percent of the NOx derived dry deposition fluxes in the urban area were deposited on vegetation. When urban vegetation was excluded from the simulations NO2 deposition was reduced by 57 percent because of the significantly lower deposition velocities of impervious compared to vegetated surfaces; nitric acid deposition was relatively unchanged. Using a diagnostic model with input data from urban air quality monitoring sites, hourly NO and NO2 dry N deposition fluxes were simulated for the entire year 1998 to ~6 kg ha-1 yr-1. Dry deposition declined during the summer months, due to lower pollutant concentrations and temperature-induced closure of the plant stomata during afternoon hours.
Temporal Coverage: 1998-10-06
Horizontal Coordinate System:WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_12N
Rows:43
Columns:62
Column | Description | Type | Units |
---|---|---|---|
Value | Total N flux (kgN / ha / year) |
Integer | kilogramsPerHectarePerYear |