Ecological Homogenization of Urban America: residential microclimates
Publication date: 2016-05-20
Bounding Coordinates:
Longitude:-71.5581 to -70.525
Latitude:43.079 to 41.7989
Bounding Coordinates:
Longitude:-77.0957 to -76.5611
Latitude:39.4947 to 39.0172
Bounding Coordinates:
Longitude:-118.595 to -117.597
Latitude:34.1754 to 33.4074
Bounding Coordinates:
Longitude:-80.5204 to -80.0656
Latitude:26.9059 to 25.4993
Bounding Coordinates:
Longitude:-93.6829 to -92.7582
Latitude:45.3967 to 44.6166
Bounding Coordinates:
Longitude:-112.63 to -111.598
Latitude:33.9465 to 33.1995
PO Box 875402,Tempe
Author(s):
- Peter Groffman, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
- J. Morgan Grove, USDA Forest Service
- Jarlath O’Neill-Dunne, University of Vermont
- Laura Ogden, Dartmouth College
- James Heffernan, Duke University
- Sharon Hall, Arizona State University
- Kelli Larson, Arizona State University
- Sarah Hobbie, University of Minnesota
- Jeanine Cavender-Bares, University of Minnesota
- Kristin Nelson, University of Minnesota
- Diane Pataki, University of Utah
- Colin Polsky, Florida Atlantic University
- R. Roy Chowdhury, Clark University
- Chris Neill, Marine Biological Laboratory
Abstract:
Urban, suburban, and exurban ecosystems are important and increasing in the U.S. As the population of cities grows, so to do areas being converted to residential housing. An untested result of urban land use change is the homogenization across cities, where neighborhoods in very different parts of the country have similar patterns of roads, aquatic features, and, especially, residential yards. We hypothesized that this homogenization also involves ecological structure and functions relevant to ecosystem carbon and nitrogen dynamics, with continental scale implications. Further, we suggested that understanding urban homogenization would provide the basis for understanding the impacts of urban land use change from local to continental scales. We collected social and ecological data ranging from household surveys to soil sampling across six metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) that cover the major climatic regions of the US (Phoenix, AZ; Miami, FL; Baltimore, MD; Boston, MA; St. Paul, MN; and Los Angeles, CA) to determine how household characteristics correlate with landscaping decisions, land management practices, and ecological structure and functions at local, regional, and continental scales. In this dataset, we specifically focus on the homogenization of residential yard microclimates, including air and soil temperature, and soil moisture.
Keywords:
yard type, yardscape, irrigation, miami, phoenix, boston, baltimore, minneapolis-st.paul, los angeles temperature, soil, soil moisture, soil temperature, spatial variability, relative humidity disturbance patterns cap lter, cap, caplter, central arizona phoenix long term ecological research, arizona, az
Temporal Coverage:
2013-01-01 to 2015-10-16Geographic Coverage:
Geographic Description: Research sites in the greater metropolitan area of Boston, MABounding Coordinates:
Longitude:-71.5581 to -70.525
Latitude:43.079 to 41.7989
Geographic Coverage:
Geographic Description: Research sites in the greater metropolitan area of Baltimore, MDBounding Coordinates:
Longitude:-77.0957 to -76.5611
Latitude:39.4947 to 39.0172
Geographic Coverage:
Geographic Description: Research sites in the greater metropolitan area of Los Angeles, CABounding Coordinates:
Longitude:-118.595 to -117.597
Latitude:34.1754 to 33.4074
Geographic Coverage:
Geographic Description: Research sites in the greater metropolitan area of Miami, FLBounding Coordinates:
Longitude:-80.5204 to -80.0656
Latitude:26.9059 to 25.4993
Geographic Coverage:
Geographic Description: Research sites in the greater metropolitan area of Minneapolis-St. Paul, MNBounding Coordinates:
Longitude:-93.6829 to -92.7582
Latitude:45.3967 to 44.6166
Geographic Coverage:
Geographic Description: Research sites in the greater metropolitan area of Phoenix, AZBounding Coordinates:
Longitude:-112.63 to -111.598
Latitude:33.9465 to 33.1995
Contact:
Data Manager, Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University,PO Box 875402,Tempe
Methods used in producing this dataset: Show
Data Files (8) :
Tabular: 625.1_msb_microclimate_bal_64330aac43e5bed4b7f33c2f78b86eb9.csv
Description: Microclimates (air and soil temperature, and soil moisture) of residential yards and reference sites near Baltimore collected as part of the Ecological Homogenization of Urban America MacroSystems Biology Project.
| Column | Description | Type | Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| case_id | ID for house or sampling location |
||
| PRIZM_id | PRIZM code - the PRIZM system categorizes U.S. consumers into 14 distinct groups and 66 demographically and behaviorally distinct types, or "segments," to help marketers discern those consumers’ likes, dislikes, lifestyles and purchase behaviors. |
Enumeration:
|
|
| habitatCategory | predominant habitat |
||
| siteCategory | category by housing, income, or other |
||
| housingAge | age of house where applicable (data are as a year for Baltimore, Boston, Los Angeles, and Minneapolis-St. Paul; no data for Miami; a range of years for Phoenix) |
||
| prevLU | previous land use |
||
| MSA | Metropolitan Statistical Area, Baltimore (BAL) |
||
| date | measurement date |
Format: YYYY-MM-DD | |
| time | measurement time |
||
| temp | air temperature |
celsius | |
| RH | relative humidity of air |
dimensionless | |
| incomeLevel | approximate income level of sampling location (where relevant) |
||
| housingAgeCategory | age of housing where applicable (data are as general descriptions (‘new’, ‘old’) for Baltimore and Phoenix; a date range for Los Angeles; age in years for Boston; data are not available for Miami and Minneapolis-St. Paul |
||
| iButtonSensorLocation | location of iButton relative to house (where relevant) |
||
| soilSensorLocation | yard (relative to house) where climate sensors are installed |
||
| groundcoverUnderiButton | dominant ground cover of the squareMeter patch of ground directly under the iButton |
||
| coverOveriButton | type of cover, if any, directly above the iButton |
||
| shadeDensityOveriButton | estimated density of shade experienced by the iButton throughout the daytime hours (e.g., shade is <50% if the iButton is under sparse foliage) |
||
| groundcoverOverSoilSensor | dominant ground cover of the squareMeter patch of ground directly over the soil probe |
||
| waterFeature | denotes if there a water feature (pool, pond, etc) in the yard where the sensors are installed |
Enumeration:
|
Tabular: 625.1_msb_microclimate_bos_207eabad7326833e1593905119b97af8.csv
Description: Microclimates (air and soil temperature, and soil moisture) of residential yards and reference sites near Boston collected as part of the Ecological Homogenization of Urban America MacroSystems Biology Project.
| Column | Description | Type | Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| case_id | ID for house or sampling location |
||
| PRIZM_id | PRIZM code - the PRIZM system categorizes U.S. consumers into 14 distinct groups and 66 demographically and behaviorally distinct types, or "segments," to help marketers discern those consumers’ likes, dislikes, lifestyles and purchase behaviors. |
Enumeration:
|
|
| habitatCategory | predominant habitat |
||
| siteCategory | category by housing, income, or other |
||
| housingAge | age of house where applicable (data are as a year for Baltimore, Boston, Los Angeles, and Minneapolis-St. Paul; no data for Miami; a range of years for Phoenix) |
||
| prevLU | previous land use |
||
| MSA | Metropolitan Statistical Area, Boston (BOS) |
||
| date | measurement date |
Format: YYYY-MM-DD | |
| time | measurement time |
||
| temp | air temperature |
celsius | |
| RH | relative humidity of air |
dimensionless | |
| incomeLevel | approximate income level of sampling location (where relevant) |
||
| housingAgeCategory | age of housing where applicable (data are as general descriptions (‘new’, ‘old’) for Baltimore and Phoenix; a date range for Los Angeles; age in years for Boston; data are not available for Miami and Minneapolis-St. Paul |
||
| iButtonSensorLocation | location of iButton relative to house (where relevant) |
||
| soilSensorLocation | yard (relative to house) where climate sensors are installed |
||
| groundcoverUnderiButton | dominant ground cover of the squareMeter patch of ground directly under the iButton |
||
| coverOveriButton | type of cover, if any, directly above the iButton |
||
| shadeDensityOveriButton | estimated density of shade experienced by the iButton throughout the daytime hours (e.g., shade is <50% if the iButton is under sparse foliage) |
||
| groundcoverOverSoilSensor | dominant ground cover of the squareMeter patch of ground directly over the soil probe |
||
| waterFeature | denotes if there a water feature (pool, pond, etc) in the yard where the sensors are installed |
Enumeration:
|
Tabular: 625.1_msb_microclimate_lax_4683469576121d9f41648c0d0eb9b4c1.csv
Description: Microclimates (air and soil temperature, and soil moisture) of residential yards and reference sites near Los Angeles collected as part of the Ecological Homogenization of Urban America MacroSystems Biology Project.
| Column | Description | Type | Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| case_id | ID for house or sampling location |
||
| PRIZM_id | PRIZM code - the PRIZM system categorizes U.S. consumers into 14 distinct groups and 66 demographically and behaviorally distinct types, or "segments," to help marketers discern those consumers’ likes, dislikes, lifestyles and purchase behaviors. |
Enumeration:
|
|
| habitatCategory | predominant habitat |
||
| siteCategory | category by housing, income, or other |
||
| housingAge | age of house where applicable (data are as a year for Baltimore, Boston, Los Angeles, and Minneapolis-St. Paul; no data for Miami; a range of years for Phoenix) |
||
| prevLU | previous land use |
||
| MSA | Metropolitan Statistical Area, Los Angeles (LAX) |
||
| date | measurement date |
Format: YYYY-MM-DD | |
| time | measurement time |
||
| temp | air temperature |
celsius | |
| RH | relative humidity of air |
dimensionless | |
| incomeLevel | approximate income level of sampling location (where relevant) |
||
| housingAgeCategory | age of housing where applicable (data are as general descriptions (‘new’, ‘old’) for Baltimore and Phoenix; a date range for Los Angeles; age in years for Boston; data are not available for Miami and Minneapolis-St. Paul |
||
| iButtonSensorLocation | location of iButton relative to house (where relevant) |
||
| soilSensorLocation | yard (relative to house) where climate sensors are installed |
||
| groundcoverUnderiButton | dominant ground cover of the squareMeter patch of ground directly under the iButton |
||
| coverOveriButton | type of cover, if any, directly above the iButton |
||
| shadeDensityOveriButton | estimated density of shade experienced by the iButton throughout the daytime hours (e.g., shade is <50% if the iButton is under sparse foliage) |
||
| groundcoverOverSoilSensor | dominant ground cover of the squareMeter patch of ground directly over the soil probe |
||
| waterFeature | denotes if there a water feature (pool, pond, etc) in the yard where the sensors are installed |
Enumeration:
|
Tabular: 625.1_msb_microclimate_mia_dbd0c7e0db9fac473e8df63a0ebadd7c.csv
Description: Microclimates (air and soil temperature, and soil moisture) of residential yards and reference sites near Miami collected as part of the Ecological Homogenization of Urban America MacroSystems Biology Project.
| Column | Description | Type | Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| case_id | ID for house or sampling location |
||
| PRIZM_id | PRIZM code - the PRIZM system categorizes U.S. consumers into 14 distinct groups and 66 demographically and behaviorally distinct types, or "segments," to help marketers discern those consumers’ likes, dislikes, lifestyles and purchase behaviors. |
Enumeration:
|
|
| habitatCategory | predominant habitat |
||
| siteCategory | category by housing, income, or other |
||
| housingAge | age of house where applicable (data are as a year for Baltimore, Boston, Los Angeles, and Minneapolis-St. Paul; no data for Miami; a range of years for Phoenix) |
||
| prevLU | previous land use |
||
| MSA | Metropolitan Statistical Area, Miami (MIA) |
||
| date | measurement date |
Format: YYYY-MM-DD | |
| time | measurement time |
||
| temp | air temperature |
celsius | |
| RH | relative humidity of air |
dimensionless | |
| incomeLevel | approximate income level of sampling location (where relevant) |
||
| housingAgeCategory | age of housing where applicable (data are as general descriptions (‘new’, ‘old’) for Baltimore and Phoenix; a date range for Los Angeles; age in years for Boston; data are not available for Miami and Minneapolis-St. Paul |
||
| iButtonSensorLocation | location of iButton relative to house (where relevant) |
||
| soilSensorLocation | yard (relative to house) where climate sensors are installed |
||
| groundcoverUnderiButton | dominant ground cover of the squareMeter patch of ground directly under the iButton |
||
| coverOveriButton | type of cover, if any, directly above the iButton |
||
| shadeDensityOveriButton | estimated density of shade experienced by the iButton throughout the daytime hours (e.g., shade is <50% if the iButton is under sparse foliage) |
||
| groundcoverOverSoilSensor | dominant ground cover of the squareMeter patch of ground directly over the soil probe |
||
| waterFeature | denotes if there a water feature (pool, pond, etc) in the yard where the sensors are installed |
Enumeration:
|
Tabular: 625.1_msb_microclimate_msp_1321ff2b4d0b91825394ba121288e8b0.csv
Description: Microclimates (air and soil temperature, and soil moisture) of residential yards and reference sites near Minneapolis-St. Paul collected as part of the Ecological Homogenization of Urban America MacroSystems Biology Project.
| Column | Description | Type | Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| case_id | ID for house or sampling location |
||
| PRIZM_id | PRIZM code - the PRIZM system categorizes U.S. consumers into 14 distinct groups and 66 demographically and behaviorally distinct types, or "segments," to help marketers discern those consumers’ likes, dislikes, lifestyles and purchase behaviors. |
Enumeration:
|
|
| habitatCategory | predominant habitat |
||
| siteCategory | category by housing, income, or other |
||
| housingAge | age of house where applicable (data are as a year for Baltimore, Boston, Los Angeles, and Minneapolis-St. Paul; no data for Miami; a range of years for Phoenix) |
||
| prevLU | previous land use |
||
| MSA | Metropolitan Statistical Area, Minneapolis-St. Paul (MSP) |
||
| date | measurement date |
Format: YYYY-MM-DD | |
| time | measurement time |
||
| temp | air temperature |
celsius | |
| RH | relative humidity of air |
dimensionless | |
| incomeLevel | approximate income level of sampling location (where relevant) |
||
| housingAgeCategory | age of housing where applicable (data are as general descriptions (‘new’, ‘old’) for Baltimore and Phoenix; a date range for Los Angeles; age in years for Boston; data are not available for Miami and Minneapolis-St. Paul |
||
| iButtonSensorLocation | location of iButton relative to house (where relevant) |
||
| soilSensorLocation | yard (relative to house) where climate sensors are installed |
||
| groundcoverUnderiButton | dominant ground cover of the squareMeter patch of ground directly under the iButton |
||
| coverOveriButton | type of cover, if any, directly above the iButton |
||
| shadeDensityOveriButton | estimated density of shade experienced by the iButton throughout the daytime hours (e.g., shade is <50% if the iButton is under sparse foliage) |
||
| groundcoverOverSoilSensor | dominant ground cover of the squareMeter patch of ground directly over the soil probe |
||
| waterFeature | denotes if there a water feature (pool, pond, etc) in the yard where the sensors are installed |
Enumeration:
|
Tabular: 625.1_msb_microclimate_phx_9bf552ad03bec5a96c6bc8407f96145d.csv
Description: Microclimates (air and soil temperature, and soil moisture) of residential yards and reference sites near Phoenix collected as part of the Ecological Homogenization of Urban America MacroSystems Biology Project.
| Column | Description | Type | Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| case_id | ID for house or sampling location |
||
| PRIZM_id | PRIZM code - the PRIZM system categorizes U.S. consumers into 14 distinct groups and 66 demographically and behaviorally distinct types, or "segments," to help marketers discern those consumers’ likes, dislikes, lifestyles and purchase behaviors. |
Enumeration:
|
|
| habitatCategory | predominant habitat |
||
| siteCategory | category by housing, income, or other |
||
| housingAge | age of house where applicable (data are as a year for Baltimore, Boston, Los Angeles, and Minneapolis-St. Paul; no data for Miami; a range of years for Phoenix) |
||
| prevLU | previous land use |
||
| MSA | Metropolitan Statistical Area, Phoenix (PHX) |
||
| date | measurement date |
Format: YYYY-MM-DD | |
| time | measurement time |
||
| temp | air temperature |
celsius | |
| RH | relative humidity of air |
dimensionless | |
| incomeLevel | approximate income level of sampling location (where relevant) |
||
| housingAgeCategory | age of housing where applicable (data are as general descriptions (‘new’, ‘old’) for Baltimore and Phoenix; a date range for Los Angeles; age in years for Boston; data are not available for Miami and Minneapolis-St. Paul |
||
| iButtonSensorLocation | location of iButton relative to house (where relevant) |
||
| soilSensorLocation | yard (relative to house) where climate sensors are installed |
||
| groundcoverUnderiButton | dominant ground cover of the squareMeter patch of ground directly under the iButton |
||
| coverOveriButton | type of cover, if any, directly above the iButton |
||
| shadeDensityOveriButton | estimated density of shade experienced by the iButton throughout the daytime hours (e.g., shade is <50% if the iButton is under sparse foliage) |
||
| groundcoverOverSoilSensor | dominant ground cover of the squareMeter patch of ground directly over the soil probe |
||
| waterFeature | denotes if there a water feature (pool, pond, etc) in the yard where the sensors are installed |
Enumeration:
|
Spatial Vector: msb_microclimate_residential_sites
Description:
This zipped file contains a shapefile detailing the location of census block groups corresponding to residential sampling sites sampled as part of the Ecological Homogenization of Urban America: residential microclimates study. Census block groups are provided in lieu of the location of residential sampling points, which cannot be shared, to provide an approximate sampling location.
Horizontal Coordinate System:GCS_WGS_1984
Geometry Type: Polygon
| Column | Description | Type | Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| CODE | census block group identifier |
||
| CASEID | ID for house or sampling location, corresponds to case_id |
||
| MSA | Metropolitan Statistical Area |
Spatial Vector: msb_microclimate_reference_sites
Description:
This zipped file contains a shapefile detailing the location of reference sites sampled as part of the Ecological Homogenization of Urban America: residential microclimates study.
Horizontal Coordinate System:GCS_WGS_1984
Geometry Type: Point
| Column | Description | Type | Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Name of reference site |
||
| MSA | Metropolitan Statistical Area |