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Herpetofauna and Riparian Microhabitat of Urban and Wildland Reaches Along the Salt River, Arizona

Publication date: 2011-05-06

Author(s):

  • Melanie Banville, Department of Applied Sciences and Mathematics
  • Heather Bateman, Department of Applied Sciences and Mathematics

Abstract:

Worldwide, riverine floodplains are among the most endangered landscapes. In response to anthropogenic impacts, riverine restoration projects are considerably increasing. However, there is a paucity of information on how riparian rehabilitation activities impact non-avian wildlife communities. I evaluated herpetofauna abundance, species richness, diversity (i.e., Shannon and Simpson indices), species-specific responses, and riparian microhabitat characteristics along three reaches (i.e., wildland, urban rehabilitated, and urban disturbed) of the Salt River, Arizona. The surrounding uplands of the two urbanized reaches were dominated by the built environment (i.e., Phoenix metropolitan area). I predicted that greater diversity of microhabitat and lower urbanization would promote herpetofauna abundance, richness, and diversity. In 2010, at each reach, I performed herpetofauna visual surveys five times along eight transects (n=24) spanning the riparian zone. I quantified twenty one microhabitat characteristics such as ground substrate, vegetative cover, woody debris, tree stem density, and plant species richness along each transect. Herpetofauna species richness was the greatest along the wildland reach, and the lowest along the urban disturbed reach. The wildland reach had the greatest diversity indices, and diversity indices of the two urban reaches were similar. Abundance of herpetofauna was approximately six times lower along the urban disturbed reach compared to the two other reaches, which had similar abundances. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) reduced microhabitat variables to five factors, and significant differences among reaches were detected. Vegetation structure complexity, vegetation species richness, as well as densities of Prosopis (mesquite), Salix (willow), Populus (cottonwood), and animal burrows had a positive correlation with at least one of the three herpetofauna community parameter quantified (i.e., herpetofauna abundance, species richness, and diversity indices), and had a positive correlation with at least one herpetofauna species. Overall, rehabilitation activities positively influenced herpetofauna abundance and species richness, whereas urbanization negatively influenced herpetofauna diversity indices. Based on herpetofauna/microhabitat correlations established, I developed recommendations regarding microhabitat features that should be created in order to promote herpetofauna when rehabilitating degraded riparian systems. Recommendations are to plant vegetation of different growth habit, provide woody debris, plant Populus, Salix, and Prosopis of various ages and sizes, and to promote small mammal abundance.


Keywords:


Temporal Coverage:

2010-06-01 to 2010-08-30

Geographic Coverage:

Geographic Description: Study Coverage Area
Bounding Coordinates:
Longitude:-112.0785 to -111.6065
Latitude:+33.5598 to +33.4200

Contact:

Information Manager, Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University, 
POB 875402,TEMPE
 caplter.data@asu.edu

Methods used in producing this dataset: Show


Data Files (16) :

Tabular: Data on herpetiles encountered while performing visual surveys, and environmental conditions
Download

Description: This table contains the data from the herpetofauna visual surveys. It includes all individuals encountered while surveying and their location. For every record, the data collected includes a brief description of the vegetation in the immediate vicinity, description of the substrate, and notes on the closest refuge. The table also describes the environmental conditions when performing the surveys.

Column Description Type Units
id_herp Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 integer
survey_survey_id survey_id from table survey: unique ID to survey. 1- first letter reach, 2-transect #, 3- round # (round 1 = 01) Example: T1-01 (Tonto transect 1, round 1)
 string
ID_herp_survey Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 integer
survey_date date of the survey
 datetime Format: MM/DD/YYYY
observers Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 string
reach_id which reach the survey was at
 string
transect_number which transect it was
 string
seg_start which segment we started the survey on
 string None
start_time what time we started the survey
 datetime Format: hh:mm:ss
end_time what time we ended the survey
 datetime Format: hh:mm:ss
rock_sun_start temperature in Celsius of rocks in the sun at the start of the survey
 double celsius
rock_sun_end temperature in Celsius of rocks in the sun at the end of the survey
 double celsius
rock_shade_start temperature in Celsius of rocks in the shade at the start of the survey
 double celsius
rock_shade_end temperature in Celsius of rocks in the shade at the end of the survey
 double celsius
ground_sun_start temperature in Celsius of the ground in the sun at the start of the survey
 double celsius
ground_sun_end temperature in Celsius of the ground in the sun at the end of the survey
 double celsius
ground_shade_start temperature in Celsius of the ground in the shade at the start of the survey
 double celsius
ground_shade_end temperature in Celsius of the ground in the shade at the end of the survey
 double celsius
temp_start_10cm temperature in Celsius at 10cm off the ground at the start of the survey
 double celsius
temp_end_10cm temperature in Celsius at 10cm off the ground at the end of the survey
 double celsius
temp_start_50cm temperature in Celsius at 50cm off the ground at the start of the survey
 double celsius
temp_end_50cm temperature in Celsius at 50cm off the ground at the end of the survey
 double celsius
temp_start_100cm temperature in Celsius at 100cm off the ground at the start of the survey
 double celsius
temp_end_100cm temperature in Celsius at 100cm off the ground at the end of the survey
 double celsius
hum_start relative humidity in % at the start of the survey
 double dimensionless
hum_end relative humidity in % at the end of the survey
 double dimensionless
pressure_start barometric pressure in HPa at the start of the survey
 double hectorPascal
pressure_end barometric pressure in HPa at the end of the survey
 double hectorPascal
wind_chill_start temperature in Celsius with wind chill at the start of the survey
 double celsius
wind_chill_end temperature in Celsius with wind chill at the end of the survey
 double celsius
heat_index_start temperature in Celsius with heat index at the start of the survey
 double celsius
heat_index_end temperature in Celsius with heat index at the end of the survey
 double celsius
BFT_start wind on Beaufort scale at the start of the survey
 integer beaufort
BFT_end wind on Beaufort scale at the end of the survey
 integer beaufort
CC_start cloud cover in % at the start of the survey, to closest 5%
 integer dimensionless
CC_end cloud cover in % at the end of the survey, to closest 5%
 integer dimensionless
any_observation indicate if yes or no herpetile were detected during this survey visit
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
thin_cloud_start if box is checked, it indicates that the clouds was just a thin layer of cloud at the start of the survey
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
thin_cloud_end if box is checked, it indicates that the clouds was just a thin layer of cloud at the end of the survey
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
note relevant notes on weather conditions
 string
species 4 letter code of the herp species. linked to table herp_species _codes
 integer
herp_species_name scientific name of the species
 string
juvie indicate if herpetile is a juvenile (if it was a juvenile, the box is checked)
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
time time at which it was observed
 datetime Format: hh:mm:ss
substrate_temp temperature of the substrate in degree Celsius
 double celsius
segment segment in which the herp was observed (segment A, B or C. Segment A is closest to water, segment C is the furthest)
 string None
section section of the segment the herp was observed (1 is closer to water, 2 is further. There is 2 sections in 1 segment)
 string None
veg_type vegetation type (CB = cobble bar, MB = mesquite bosque, CW = cottonwood/willow forest)
 string
Enumeration:
  • CB: cobble bar
  • MB: mesquite bosque
  • CW: cottonwood/willow forest
other_veg_type_description other vegetation type description
 string
substrate_type Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 string
artificial_substrate if the substrate was artificial, what was it
 string
veg_species_code_used nickname of the vegetation encountered
 string
veg_genus genus of the vegetation
 string
veg_species species of the vegetaiton
 string
veg_species_code 4 letter species code
 string
veg_description description of the vegetation when applicable
 string
dead indicate if veg where herpetile was observed was dead. The box is checked if vegetation was dead
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
circumference in cm when herp observed on tree or snag. Circumference is from where the herpetile was located
 double centimeter
height_ground height of herpetile from ground in cm
 integer centimeter
presence_burrow if there was a burrow nearby the herp location
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
distance_burrow distance to closest burrow in meters
 integer meter
location if the herp was in the sun, or in the shade. If in the shade, was the shade provided by a shurb located at 0-10cm off ground, 10-50cm, 50-100cm, or shade provided by the overstroy (vegetation greater than 1m), or was the herp in the open
 string
shrub_refuge_type what was the closest vegetation species for the herp to take refuge
 integer
shrub_refuge_distance was the closest refuge at a distance between 0-1m, 1-3m, or 3-5m
 string None
other_refuge_type was there another type of refuge (other than vegetation) nearby such as a debris pile
 string
other_refuge_distance distance to closest other than vegetation refuge
 string None
note_original_location notes on the location
 string
note_refuge notes on the refuge
 string
note_other any other notes
 string

Tabular: Data on herpetiles encountered at random
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Description: This table contains the data collected when a herpetile was encountered at random (i.e., not while performing the visual surveys). For every encounter, the herpetile species, its location, a brief description of the vegetation in the immediate vicinity, description of the substrate, and notes on the closest refuge were recorded.

Column Description Type Units
id_herp_random Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 integer
rand_reach which reach the observation was made at
 string
ID_random_visit_info Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 integer
reach reach
 string
visit_date date of the visit
 datetime Format: MM/DD/YYYY
observers Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 string
in_time time entered area of concern (riparian area)
 datetime Format: hh:mm:ss
out_time time exited area of concern (riparian area)
 datetime Format: hh:mm:ss
transect_start at which transect the survey started
 string None
transect_end at which transect the survey ended
 string None
segment_start which segment the survey started
 string None
segment_end which segment the survey ended
 string None
any_observation was there any random observations made. Box was checked if yes
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
NOT_while_visSurvey indicate when data recorded when NOT performing visual surveys (i.e. doing veg measurments, fixing transects, etc..)
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
note relevant notes
 string
species_code foriegn key to uniquely identify a record linked to herp_spp_codes table
 integer
herp_species_name scientific name of the species
 string
juvie indicate if herpetile is a juvenile. box is checked if it was a juvenile
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
time time of the encounter
 datetime Format: hh:mm:ss
UTM_E zone 12N
 string
UTM_N zone 12N
 string
substrate_temp temperature in Celsius of the substrate at location of herp when encountered
 double celsius
veg_type type of vegetation where encountered
 string
us_doing what was the observers doing when encountering the herp. Those random encounter where made outside of the surveys
 string
substrate_type Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 string
artificial_subs_type if artificial substrate, what was it
 string
veg_species_code_used nickname of the vegetation encountered
 string
veg_genus genus of the vegetation
 string
veg_species species of the vegetaiton
 string
veg_species_code 4 letter species code
 string
veg_description description of the vegetation when applicable
 string
dead indicate if vegetation where herpetile was encountered was dead or not
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
circumference in cm. Circumference of tree or snag at herpetile location
 double centimeter
height_ground height of herpetile from ground in cm
 integer centimeter
presence_burrow if there was a burrow nearby the herp
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
distance_burrow distance to closest burrow
 integer meter
location if the herp was in the sun, or in the shade. If in the shade, was the shade provided by a shurb located at 0-10cm off ground, 10-50cm, 50-100cm, or shade provided by the overstroy (vegetation greater than 1m), or was the herp in the open
 string
refuge_shrub_dist was the closest refuge at a distance between 0-1m, 1-3m, or 3-5m
 string None
refuge_shrub_spp was there another type of refuge (other than vegetation) nearby such as a debris pile
 integer
refuge_other_dist distance to closest other than vegetation refuge
 string None
refuge_other_type was there another type of refuge (other than vegetation) nearby such as a debris pile
 string
other_veg_type_description Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 string
note_original_location notes on the location
 string
note_refuge notes on the refuge
 string
note_other any other notes
 string
within_15m say yes if within 15m of transect middle line
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
distance_transect distance in meters from transect middle line
 integer meter
which_transect_segment note which transect and segment herpetile within 15m of
 string

Tabular: UTMs, elevation, burrows, predators, and debris pile
Download

Description: The table contains information on each segment such as UTMs, elevation, amount of burrows, and presence of predators. In addition, it contains information collected with the line-intercept method on debris piles.

Column Description Type Units
id_veg_general Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 integer
veg_date date the vegetation measurment were performed
 datetime Format: MM/DD/YYYY
observer name of the person performing the measurments
 string
recorder name of the person recording the measurments
 string
reach what reach the data was recorded from
 string
transect_number transect number
 string None
segment segment letter
 string None
ID Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 integer
veg_unique_ID reach, transect #, segment
 string
section_number section of the segment data was recorded from
 string None
line_number line where data was recorded from (line 1 was parallel to segment, line 2 was perpendicular)
 string
Enumeration:
  • 1: parallel to segment
  • 2: perpendicular to segment
pile_description description of the debris pile recorded. A " debris pile" was described as an aggregation of vegetation material of at least 10cm in height and 20cm in length
 string
avg_hgt average height in cm of the pile
 double centimeter
start line intercept start of the pile
 double meter
end line intercept end of the pile
 double meter
total "end" minus "start" which give the total amount of meters for the length of the pile
 double meter
transect_bearing bearing of the direction of the transect (bearing taken from the river toward the end of the transect)
 integer
general_veg general vegetation of the segment (CB=cobble bar, CW=cottonwood willow forest, MB=mesquite bosque)
 string
Enumeration:
  • CB: cobble bar
  • MB: mesquite bosque
  • CW: cottonwood/willow forest
other_veg description of general vegetation type if other than CB, CW, and MB
 string
stake_UTM_E UTM zone 12, NAD83
 string
stake_UTM_N UTM zone 12, NAD83
 string
altitude altitude of the segment in feet
 integer foot
presence_burrow if the box is checked, it indicated that there was burrows along the segment
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
number_burrow number of burrows observed along the segment
 integer dimensionless
presence_predator if the box is checked, a herp predator was observed in the close vicinity of the segment
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
predator_type description of the predator observed
 string
notes relevant notes
 string

Tabular: UTMs, elevation, burrows, predators, as well as density and size of stems
Download

Description: The table contains information on each segment such as UTMs, elevation, amount of burrows, and presence of predators. In addition, it contains information collected within plots on the number of stems, and their size classification, of few vegetation species.

Column Description Type Units
id_veg_general Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 integer
veg_date date the vegetation measurment were performed
 datetime Format: MM/DD/YYYY
observer name of the person performing the measurments
 string
recorder name of the person recording the measurments
 string
reach what reach the data was recorded from
 string
transect_number transect number
 string None
segment segment letter
 string None
ID_veg_stem Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 integer
veg_unique_ID reach, transect #, segment
 string
section_number section on which data was recorded
 string None
veg_species_code_used nickname of the vegetation encountered
 string
veg_genus genus of the vegetation
 string
veg_species species of the vegetaiton
 string
veg_species_code 4 letter species code
 string
veg_description description of the vegetation when applicable
 string
size see "veg_line_intercept_spp" for information on size
 string
Enumeration:
  • A: less than 1 meter tall
  • B: greater than 1 meter tall, diameter of largest stem less than 2.5cm
  • C: greater than 1 meter tall, diameter of largest stem 2.5 to 7.5cm
  • D: greater than 1 meter tall, diameter of largest stem 7.5cm to 30cm
  • E: greater than 1 meter tall, diameter of largest stem greater than 30cm
number_stems number of stems counted
 integer
Dead box is checked when the stem was dead
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
transect_bearing bearing of the direction of the transect (bearing taken from the river toward the end of the transect)
 integer
general_veg general vegetation of the segment (CB=cobble bar, CW=cottonwood willow forest, MB=mesquite bosque)
 string
Enumeration:
  • CB: cobble bar
  • MB: mesquite bosque
  • CW: cottonwood/willow forest
other_veg description of general vegetation type if other than CB, CW, and MB
 string
stake_UTM_E UTM zone 12, NAD83
 string
stake_UTM_N UTM zone 12, NAD83
 string
altitude altitude of the segment in feet
 integer foot
presence_burrow if the box is checked, it indicated that there was burrows along the segment
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
number_burrow number of burrows observed along the segment
 integer dimensionless
presence_predator if the box is checked, a herp predator was observed in the close vicinity of the segment
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
predator_type description of the predator observed
 string
notes relevant notes
 string

Tabular: UTMs, elevation, burrows, predators, as well as ground cover and woody debris
Download

Description: The table contains information on each segment such as UTMs, elevation, amount of burrows, and presence of predators. In addition, it contains information collected with the point-intercept method on ground cover and woody debris.

Column Description Type Units
id_veg_general Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 integer
veg_date date the vegetation measurment were performed
 datetime Format: MM/DD/YYYY
observer name of the person performing the measurments
 string
recorder name of the person recording the measurments
 string
reach what reach the data was recorded from
 string
transect_number transect number
 string None
segment segment letter
 string None
ID_veg_point Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 integer
veg_unique_ID reach, transect #, segment
 string
section_number number of the section data was recorded from
 string None
point_number point 0 to 9 are in section 1, point 10 to 19 are in section 2
 string
ground_cover_type type of ground cover at the point number (Rd=road, T=trail, B=bare ground/soil, L=litter and woody twigs of less than 1cm, W=woody debris of >1cm
 string
Enumeration:
  • Rd: road
  • T: trail
  • B: bare ground/soil
  • L: litter and woody twigs of less than 1 cm
  • W: woody debris of greater than 1 cm
depth_cm data recorded only when ground cover type is W or L and represent the depth of W or L in cm
 double centimeter
soil_type data recorded only when ground cover type is Rd, T or B (M/S=mud/silt, S=sand, G=gravel, C=cobble, B=boulder, BR=bedrock, A=artificial, AL=algae)
 string
Enumeration:
  • M/S: mud/silt
  • S: sand
  • G: gravel
  • C: cobble
  • B: boulder
  • BR: bedrock
  • A: artificial
  • AL: algae
if_artificial describe "artificial" if the substrate type is artificial
 string
daubenmire_classcover data recorded for point 0, 5, 10, 15 only. Daubenmire scale class cover for ground cover: 0=not present, 1= greater than 1%, 2=1-5%, 3=5-25%, 4=25-50%, 5=50-75%, 6=75-95%, 7=95-100%
 string
Enumeration:
  • 0: not present
  • 1: less than 1%
  • 2: 1% to 5%
  • 3: 5% to 25%
  • 4: 25% to 50%
  • 5: 50% to 75%
  • 6: 75% to 95%
  • 7: 95% to 100%
overstory_average data for point 5 and 15 only. Data reflects overstory %cover
 integer dimensionless
woody_A data for point 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 only. It shows the number of woody debris along 1m (starting at point 0, 2, etc) of size A (1-2.5cm)
 integer
woody_B data for point 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 only. It shows the number of woody debris along 1m (starting at point 0, 2, etc) of size B (2.5-7.5cm)
 integer
woody_C data for point 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 only. It shows the number of woody debris along 1m (starting at point 0, 2, etc) of size C (>7.5cm)
 integer
transect_bearing bearing of the direction of the transect (bearing taken from the river toward the end of the transect)
 integer
general_veg general vegetation of the segment (CB=cobble bar, CW=cottonwood willow forest, MB=mesquite bosque)
 string
Enumeration:
  • CB: cobble bar
  • MB: mesquite bosque
  • CW: cottonwood/willow forest
other_veg description of general vegetation type if other than CB, CW, and MB
 string
stake_UTM_E UTM zone 12, NAD83
 string
stake_UTM_N UTM zone 12, NAD83
 string
altitude altitude of the segment in feet
 integer foot
presence_burrow if the box is checked, it indicated that there was burrows along the segment
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
number_burrow number of burrows observed along the segment
 integer dimensionless
presence_predator if the box is checked, a herp predator was observed in the close vicinity of the segment
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
predator_type description of the predator observed
 string
notes relevant notes
 string

Tabular: UTMs, elevation, burrows, predators, and "open" areas
Download

Description: The table contains information on each segment such as UTMs, elevation, amount of burrows, and presence of predators. In addition, it contains information collected with the line-intercept method on areas characterized as “open”. An area was considered “open” when it was free of vegetation from the ground, up to 1m in height.

Column Description Type Units
id_veg_general Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 integer
veg_date date the vegetation measurment were performed
 datetime Format: MM/DD/YYYY
observer name of the person performing the measurments
 string
recorder name of the person recording the measurments
 string
reach what reach the data was recorded from
 string
transect_number transect number
 string None
segment segment letter
 string None
ID_veg_line_open Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 integer
veg_unique_ID reach, transect #, segment
 string
section_number section of the segment data on "open" was recorded from. "open" was described as an area free of vegetation of less than 1m in height. "open" did not include ground cover and did not include trees greater than 1m (overstory)
 string None
line_number line where data was recorded from (line 1 was parallel to segment, line 2 was perpendicular)
 string
Enumeration:
  • 1: parallel to segment
  • 2: perpendicular to segment
start line intercept start of the "open"
 double meter
end line intercept end of the "open"
 double meter
total "end" minus "start" which give the total amount of meters for the length of the open
 double meter
transect_bearing bearing of the direction of the transect (bearing taken from the river toward the end of the transect)
 integer
general_veg general vegetation of the segment (CB=cobble bar, CW=cottonwood willow forest, MB=mesquite bosque)
 string
Enumeration:
  • CB: cobble bar
  • MB: mesquite bosque
  • CW: cottonwood/willow forest
other_veg description of general vegetation type if other than CB, CW, and MB
 string
stake_UTM_E UTM zone 12, NAD83
 string
stake_UTM_N UTM zone 12, NAD83
 string
altitude altitude of the segment in feet
 integer foot
presence_burrow if the box is checked, it indicated that there was burrows along the segment
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
number_burrow number of burrows observed along the segment
 integer dimensionless
presence_predator if the box is checked, a herp predator was observed in the close vicinity of the segment
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
predator_type description of the predator observed
 string
notes relevant notes
 string

Tabular: UTMs, elevation, burrows, predators, as well as trees and shrubs cover
Download

Description: The table contains information on each segment such as UTMs, elevation, amount of burrows, and presence of predators. In addition, it contains information collected with the line-intercept method on the amount of meters each trees and shrubs species are covering.

Column Description Type Units
id_veg_general Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 integer
veg_date date the vegetation measurment were performed
 datetime Format: MM/DD/YYYY
observer name of the person performing the measurments
 string
recorder name of the person recording the measurments
 string
reach what reach the data was recorded from
 string
transect_number transect number
 string None
segment segment letter
 string None
ID_veg_line_spp Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 integer
veg_unique_ID reach, transect #, segment
 string
section_number section on which data was recorded from
 string None
line_number line where data was recorded from (line 1 was parallel to segment, line 2 was perpendicular)
 string
Enumeration:
  • 1: parallel to segment
  • 2: perpendicular to segment
veg_species_code_used nickname of the vegetation encountered
 string
veg_genus genus of the vegetation
 string
veg_species species of the vegetaiton
 string
veg_species_code 4 letter species code
 string
veg_description description of the vegetation when applicable
 string
size size of the species (tree shrub size recorded at 20cm: A= less than 1m tall, B=>1m tall, diameter of largest stem less than 2.5cm, C= greater than 1m tall, diameter of largest stem 2.5-7.5cm, D= greater than 1m tall, diameter of largest stem 7.5-30cm, E= greater than 1m tall, diameter of largest stem greater than 30cm
 string
Enumeration:
  • A: less than 1 meter tall
  • B: greater than 1 meter tall, diameter of largest stem less than 2.5cm
  • C: greater than 1 meter tall, diameter of largest stem 2.5 to 7.5cm
  • D: greater than 1 meter tall, diameter of largest stem 7.5cm to 30cm
  • E: greater than 1 meter tall, diameter of largest stem greater than 30cm
start line intercept start of the vegetation
 double meter
end line intercept end of the vegetation
 double meter
dead? box is checked if the vegetation was dead
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
total "end" minus "start" which give the total amount of meters for the length of the vegetation.
 double meter
xtra_note_on_size_of_species [size cont description: Tree size recorded at 1.3m(dbh): A= less than 1m tall, B= greater than 1m tall, dbh less than 5cm, C=>1m tall, dbh 5-10cm, D=>1m tall, dbh 10-30cm, E=>1m tall, dbh>30cm
 string
transect_bearing bearing of the direction of the transect (bearing taken from the river toward the end of the transect)
 integer
general_veg general vegetation of the segment (CB=cobble bar, CW=cottonwood willow forest, MB=mesquite bosque)
 string
Enumeration:
  • CB: cobble bar
  • MB: mesquite bosque
  • CW: cottonwood/willow forest
other_veg description of general vegetation type if other than CB, CW, and MB
 string
stake_UTM_E UTM zone 12, NAD83
 string
stake_UTM_N UTM zone 12, NAD83
 string
altitude altitude of the segment in feet
 integer foot
presence_burrow if the box is checked, it indicated that there was burrows along the segment
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
number_burrow number of burrows observed along the segment
 integer dimensionless
presence_predator if the box is checked, a herp predator was observed in the close vicinity of the segment
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
predator_type description of the predator observed
 string
notes relevant notes
 string

Tabular: UTMs, elevation, burrows, predators, and list of vegetation present within each segment
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Description: The table contains information on each segment such as UTMs, elevation, amount of burrows, and presence of predators. In addition, it contains a list of vegetation species present within each segment.

Column Description Type Units
id_veg_general Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 integer
veg_date date the vegetation measurment were performed
 datetime Format: MM/DD/YYYY
observer name of the person performing the measurments
 string
recorder name of the person recording the measurments
 string
reach what reach the data was recorded from
 string
transect_number transect number
 string None
segment segment letter
 string None
ID_veg_plot_spp Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 integer
veg_unique_ID reach, transect #, segment
 string
veg_species_code_used nickname of the vegetation encountered
 string
veg_genus genus of the vegetation
 string
veg_species species of the vegetaiton
 string
veg_species_code 4 letter species code
 string
veg_description description of the vegetation when applicable
 string
size see notes in table "veg_line"intercept_spp"
 string
Enumeration:
  • A: less than 1 meter tall
  • B: greater than 1 meter tall, diameter of largest stem less than 2.5cm
  • C: greater than 1 meter tall, diameter of largest stem 2.5 to 7.5cm
  • D: greater than 1 meter tall, diameter of largest stem 7.5cm to 30cm
  • E: greater than 1 meter tall, diameter of largest stem greater than 30cm
Dead the box is checked when the vegetation species was dead
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
transect_bearing bearing of the direction of the transect (bearing taken from the river toward the end of the transect)
 integer
general_veg general vegetation of the segment (CB=cobble bar, CW=cottonwood willow forest, MB=mesquite bosque)
 string
Enumeration:
  • CB: cobble bar
  • MB: mesquite bosque
  • CW: cottonwood/willow forest
other_veg description of general vegetation type if other than CB, CW, and MB
 string
stake_UTM_E UTM zone 12, NAD83
 string
stake_UTM_N UTM zone 12, NAD83
 string
altitude altitude of the segment in feet
 integer foot
presence_burrow if the box is checked, it indicated that there was burrows along the segment
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
number_burrow number of burrows observed along the segment
 integer dimensionless
presence_predator if the box is checked, a herp predator was observed in the close vicinity of the segment
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
predator_type description of the predator observed
 string
notes relevant notes
 string

Tabular: UTMs, elevation, burrows, predators, as well as roads and trails
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Description: The table contains information on each segment such as UTMs, elevation, amount of burrows, and presence of predators. In addition, it contains information collected with the line-intercept method on the amount of meters covered by roads and trails along each segment.

Column Description Type Units
id_veg_general Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 integer
veg_date date the vegetation measurment were performed
 datetime Format: MM/DD/YYYY
observer name of the person performing the measurments
 string
recorder name of the person recording the measurments
 string
reach what reach the data was recorded from
 string
transect_number transect number
 string None
segment segment letter
 string None
ID_veg_line_rd Missing Documentation, contact CAPLTER's Information Manager for further details
 integer
veg_unique_ID reach, transect #, segment
 string
section_number section on which data was recorded from
 string None
line_number line where data was recorded from (line 1 was parallel to segment, line 2 was perpendicular)
 string
Enumeration:
  • 1: parallel to segment
  • 2: perpendicular to segment
Rd_type substrate of the road/trail that was recorded (S=sand, G=gravel, C=cobble, MS=mud/silt, paved, etc)
 string
Enumeration:
  • S: sand
  • G: gravel
  • C: cobble
  • MS: mud/silt
  • P: Paved
start line intercept start of the road
 double meter
end line intercept end of the road
 double meter
total "end" minus "start" which give the total amount of meters for the length of the road.
 double meter
transect_bearing bearing of the direction of the transect (bearing taken from the river toward the end of the transect)
 integer
general_veg general vegetation of the segment (CB=cobble bar, CW=cottonwood willow forest, MB=mesquite bosque)
 string
Enumeration:
  • CB: cobble bar
  • MB: mesquite bosque
  • CW: cottonwood/willow forest
other_veg description of general vegetation type if other than CB, CW, and MB
 string
stake_UTM_E UTM zone 12, NAD83
 string
stake_UTM_N UTM zone 12, NAD83
 string
altitude altitude of the segment in feet
 integer foot
presence_burrow if the box is checked, it indicated that there was burrows along the segment
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
number_burrow number of burrows observed along the segment
 integer dimensionless
presence_predator if the box is checked, a herp predator was observed in the close vicinity of the segment
 boolean
Enumeration:
  • 0: false
  • 1: true
predator_type description of the predator observed
 string
notes relevant notes
 string

Spatial Vector: Vector transects (24) along the Salt River, CAPLTER, Arizona
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Description: The start and end location of 24 transects established at three reaches (Wildland Reach, Urban Rehabilitated, or Urban Disturbed)along the Salt River, Arizona.
Horizontal Coordinate System:
Geometry Type: LinearRing

Column Description Type Units
FID Internal feature number.
Shape Feature geometry.
StartX StartX (X UTM Coordinate of starting point)
StartY StartY (Y UTM Coordinate of starting point)
EndX EndX (X UTM Coordinate of ending point)
EndY EndY (Y UTM Coordinate of ending point)
Zone Zone (Wildland Reach, Urban Rehabilitated, or Urban Disturbed)

File: Figure 1, schematic of transect
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Description: Schematic of transect and segment locations relative to river and riparian zone. Eight transects spaced at least 150 m apart were randomly established at three selected reaches along the Salt River, Arizona. Transects started at the water’s edge, ran perpendicular to the stream, and spanned one side of the riparian zone. To keep effort consistent between transects, three 10-m wide by 20-m long segments were established along each transect. Segments were established in a stratified random fashion; when possible, one segment was established on the cobble bar, one segment in the Populus and Salix forest association, and one segment in the higher floodplain terraces where Prosopis woodland occur. Herpetofauna visual surveys and quantification of microhabitat variables were performed within each segment (total of 72 segments). Image dimensions: 397x357.


File: Appendix E, pre-determined schematic for transect
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Description: Segment (10-m wide by 20-m long) schematic depicting pre-determined locations to quantify microhabitat variables used to describe herpetofauna abundance and occurrence. Eight transects were established at three reaches along the Salt River, Arizona (total of 24 transects). Three 10-m wide by 20-m long segments were established along each transect (total of 72 segments). Appendix D describes microhabitat variables quantified within each segment along with method used. Daubenmire plot locations ( 3 sided box ), lines used to perform the line-intercept ( line ), and points used for the point-intercept ( circle ) are depicted. Image dimensions: 761x911.


File: Appendix A, map of the study
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Description: Map of the study area depicting location of three selected reaches which differ in terms of rehabilitation effort and urbanization along the Salt River, Arizona.uantification of microhabitat variables were performed within each segment (total of 72 segments). Image dimensions: 988x848.


File: Photograph 1, wildland reach
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Description: Photo representing the wildland reach, one of three reaches selected to perform herpetofauna visual surveys and to quantify microhabitat along the Salt River, Arizona. This reach is located approximately five miles from closest city boundary and has recovered from previous disturbance.


File: Photograph 2, urban rehabililitated reach
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Description: Photo representing the urban rehabilitated reach, one of three reaches selected to perform herpetofauna visual surveys and to quantify microhabitat along the Salt River, Arizona. This reach is located in an urban setting. Within the last ten years, rehabilitation activities such as garbage removal, terraces and low flow channel creation, as well as native southwestern riparian vegetation planting occurred.


File: Photograph 3, urban disturbed reach
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Description: Photo representing the urban disturbed reach, one of three reaches selected to perform herpetofauna visual surveys and to quantify microhabitat along the Salt River, Arizona. This highly disturbed reach is located in an urban setting and has lost most of the riparian vegetation.


Download EML Metadata for this data package