This project will develop models to simulate the impact of solar storms on Earth?s atmosphere. The result can be geomagnetic storms that can scramble radio waves, disrupt navigational systems, and pump extra electricity into power lines. Analyses and simulations of emergent and other possible scenarios, using mathematical and complex multi-scale systems modeling, will be conducted for coupled systems (ions, electrons, neutral winds), thus enabling multi-disciplinary studies on how global space scales impact 3D mesoscale/microscale dynamics in the upper regions of Earth?s atmosphere. The modeling capability developed in this project will directly benefit decision makers addressing issues relating to space weather, communications and remote sensing. The project will also train graduate students and early career scientists to undertake interdisciplinary computational studies of complex earth systems and conduct policy discussions of the results of their research.